You can also use works that are in the public domain. The complete list of exemptions to copyright protection can be found in chapter 1 of Title 17 of the United States Code. Interested in more information on fair use? Take a look at our Fair Use Index. The Copyright Act’s exceptions and limitations found in sections 107-122 include fair use, the “first sale doctrine,” some reproductions by libraries and archives, certain performances and displays, broadcast programming transmissions by cable and satellite, to name a few. In addition to buying or licensing works (or some other way of seeking permission to use the work), you can also use one of the Copyright Act’s exceptions and limitations, or rely on works in the public domain. So, even if you are not the owner of a work, you still may be able to use it. When we read books, watch movies, listen to music, or use videogames or software, we are using copyright-protected works. It is important to know that we are all also copyright users. When can I use works that are not mine? Agreements, Exceptions, and Limitations

Perform the work publicly by means of a digital audio transmission if the work is a sound recording.Ĭopyright also provides the owner of copyright the right to authorize others to exercise these exclusive rights, subject to certain statutory limitations.

This right also applies to the individual images of a motion picture or other audiovisual work.

Display the work publicly if it is a literary, musical, dramatic, or choreographic work a pantomime or a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work.

Perform the work publicly if it is a literary, musical, dramatic, or choreographic work a pantomime or a motion picture or other audiovisual work.

Distribute copies or phonorecords of the work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership or by rental, lease, or lending.

Prepare derivative works based upon the work.

Reproduce the work in copies or phonorecords.

copyright law provides copyright owners with the following exclusive rights: The work made for hire doctrine also applies to certain independent contractor relationships, for certain types of commissioned works.Ĭopyright ownership can also come from contracts like assignments or from other types of transfers like wills and bequests.

Copyright law allows ownership through “works made for hire,” which establishes that works created by an employee within the scope of employment are owned by the employer. Once you create an original work and fix it, like taking a photograph, writing a poem or blog, or recording a new song, you are the author and the owner.Ĭompanies, organizations, and other people besides the work’s creator can also be copyright owners. For example, a work is fixed when you write it down or record it.Įveryone is a copyright owner. Permanent medium such that the work can be perceived, reproduced, or communicated for more than a Fixed WorksĪ work is fixed when it is captured (either by or under the authority of an author) in a sufficiently And always keep in mind that copyright protects expression,Īnd never ideas, procedures, methods, systems, processes, concepts, principles, or discoveries.

Mere listings of ingredients or contents. There are some things, however, that are not creative, like: titles, names, short phrases, and slogans įamiliar symbols or designs mere variations of typographic ornamentation, lettering, or coloring and Supreme Court has said that, to be creative, a work must have a “spark” and “modicum” of creativity. Independent creation simply means that you create it yourself, without copying. Works are original when they are independently created by a human author and have a minimal degree Types of works, including paintings, photographs, illustrations, musical compositions, sound recordings,Ĭomputer programs, books, poems, blog posts, movies, architectural works, plays, and so much more!Ĭopyright is originality and fixation Original Works In copyright law, there are a lot of different Copyright is a type of intellectual property that protects original works of authorship as soon as anĪuthor fixes the work in a tangible form of expression.

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